Liquid biopsy of peripheral blood using mass spectrometry detects primary extramedullary disease in multiple myeloma patients

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Authors

VLACHOVÁ Monika PEČINKA Lukáš GREGOROVÁ Jana MORÁŇ Lukáš RŮŽIČKOVÁ Tereza KOVAČOVICOVÁ Petra ALMÁŠI Martina POUR Luděk ŠTORK Martin HÁJEK Roman JELÍNEK Tomáš POPKOVÁ Tereza VEČEŘA Marek HAVEL Josef VAŇHARA Petr ŠEVČÍKOVÁ Sabina

Year of publication 2024
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Scientific Reports
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Medicine

Citation
web https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-69408-1
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69408-1
Keywords liquid biopsy; mass spectrometry; multiple myeloma
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Description Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most prevalent hematological malignancy, characterized by infiltration of the bone marrow by malignant plasma cells. Extramedullary disease (EMD) represents a more aggressive condition involving the migration of a subclone of plasma cells to paraskeletal or extraskeletal sites. Liquid biopsies could improve and speed diagnosis, as they can better capture the disease heterogeneity while lowering patients’ discomfort due to minimal invasiveness. Recent studies have confirmed alterations in the proteome across various malignancies, suggesting specific changes in protein classes. In this study, we show that MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry fingerprinting of peripheral blood can differentiate between MM and primary EMD patients. We constructed a predictive model using a supervised learning method, partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and evaluated its generalization performance on a test dataset. The outcome of this analysis is a method that predicts specifically primary EMD with high sensitivity (86.4%), accuracy (78.4%), and specificity (72.4%). Given the simplicity of this approach and its minimally invasive character, this method provides rapid identification of primary EMD and could prove helpful in clinical practice.
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