Evaluating the biological validity of European river typology systems with least disturbed benthic macroinvertebrate communities

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Authors

JUPKE Jonathan F. BIRK Sebastian ALVAREZ-CABRIA Mario AROVIITA Jukka BARQUIN Jose BELMAR Oscar BONADA Nuria CANEDO-ARGUELLES Miguel CHIRIAC Gabriel EMILIA Misikova Elexova FELD Christian K. FERREIRA M. Teresa HAASE Peter HUTTUNEN Kaisa-Leena LAZARIDOU Maria LESTAKOVA Margita MILISA Marko MUOTKA Timo PAAVOLA Riku PANEK Piotr PAŘIL Petr PEETERS Edwin T. H. M. POLÁŠEK Marek SANDIN Leonard SCHMERA Denes STRAKA Michal USSEGLIO-POLATERA Philippe SCHAEFER Ralf B.

Year of publication 2022
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Science of the Total Environment
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Science

Citation
Web https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156689
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156689
Keywords Water framework directive; Ecoregions; Biomonitoring; Macroinvertebrates; River typology
Description Humans have severely altered freshwater ecosystems globally, causing a loss of biodiversity. Regulatory frameworks, like the Water Framework Directive, have been developed to support actions that halt and reverse this loss. These frameworks use typology systems that summarize freshwater ecosystems into environmentally delineated types. Within types, ecosystems that are minimally impacted by human activities, i.e., in reference conditions, are expected to be similar concerning physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. This assumption is critical when water quality assessments rely on comparisons to type-specific reference conditions. Lyche Solheim et al. (2019) developed a panEuropean river typology system, the Broad River Types, that unifies the national Water Framework Directive typology systems and is gaining traction within the research community. However, it is unknown how similar biological communities are within these individual Broad River Types. We used analysis of similarities and classification strength analysis to examine if the Broad River Types delineate distinct macroinvertebrate communities across Europe and whether they outperform two ecoregional approaches: the European Biogeographical Regions and Illies' Freshwater Ecoregions. We determined indicator and typical taxa for the types of all three typology systems and evaluated their distinctiveness. All three typology systems captured more variation in macroinvertebrate communities than random combinations of sites. The results were similar among typology systems, but the Broad River Types always performed worse than either the Biogeographic Regions or Illies' Freshwater Ecoregions. Despite reaching statistical significance, the statistics of analysis of similarity and classification strength were low in all tests indicating substantial overlap among the macroinvertebrate communities of different types. We conclude that the Broad River Types do not represent an improvement upon existing freshwater typologies when used to delineate macroinvertebrate communities and we propose future avenues for advancement: regionally constrained types, better recognition of intermittent rivers, and consideration of biotic communities.
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