Disentangling responses to natural stressor and human impact gradients in river ecosystems across Europe

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Authors

STUBBINGTON Rachel SARREMEJANE Romain LAINI Alex CID Núria CSABAI Zoltán Szabolcs ENGLAND Judy MUNNÉ Antoni ASPIN Thomas BONADA Núria BRUNO Daniel CAUVY-FRAUNIE Sophie CHADD Richard DIENSTL Claudia ESTRADA Pau Fortuno GRAF Wolfram GUTIÉRREZ-CÁNOVAS Cayetano HOUSE Andy KARAOUZAS Ioannis MILLÁN Andrés MORAIS Manuela PAŘIL Petr PICKWELL Alex POLÁŠEK Marek SÁNCHEZ-FERNÁNDEZ David TZIORTZIS Iakovos VÁRBÍRÓ Gábor VOREADOU Catherina WALKER-HOLDEN Emma WHITE James KAZILA Eleana DATRY Thibault

Year of publication 2022
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Journal of Applied Ecology
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Science

Citation
Web https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14072
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14072
Keywords bioassessment; biomonitoring; climatic gradient; flow intermittence; intermittent river; macroinvertebrate; multiple stressors; resilience; resistance; temporary stream
Description Rivers are dynamic ecosystems in which both human impacts and climate-driven drying events are increasingly common. These anthropogenic and natural stressors interact to influence the biodiversity and functioning of river ecosystems. Disentangling ecological responses to these interacting stressors is necessary to guide management actions that support ecosystems adapting to global change. We analysed the independent and interactive effects of human impacts and natural drying on aquatic invertebrate communities—a key biotic group used to assess the health of European freshwaters. We calculated biological response metrics representing communities from 406 rivers in eight European countries: taxonomic richness, functional richness and redundancy, and two biomonitoring indices that indicate ecological status. We analysed metrics based on the whole community and a group of taxa with traits promoting resistance and/or resilience (‘high RR’) to drying. We also examined how responses vary across Europe in relation to climatic aridity. Most community metrics decreased independently in response to impacts and drying. A richness-independent biomonitoring index (the average score per taxon; ASPT) showed particular potential for use in biomonitoring, and should be considered alongside new metrics representing high RR diversity, to promote accurate assessment of ecological status. High RR taxonomic richness responded only to impacts, not drying. However, these predictors explained little variance in richness and other high RR metrics, potentially due to low taxonomic richness. Metric responsiveness could thus be enhanced by developing region-specific high RR groups comprising sufficient taxa with sufficiently variable impact sensitivities to indicate ecological status. Synthesis and applications. Metrics are needed to assess the ecological status of dynamic river ecosystems—including those that sometimes dry—and thus to identify priority sites requiring action to tackle the causes of environmental degradation. Our results inform recommendations guiding the development of such metrics. We propose concurrent use of richness-independent ‘average score per taxon’ indices and metrics that characterize the richness of resistant and resilient taxa. We observed interactions between aridity, impacts and drying, highlighting that these new metrics should be region-specific, type-specific and adaptable, promoting their ability to inform management actions that protect biodiversity in river ecosystems responding to climate change.
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