MicroRNAs involved in chemo- and radioresistance of high-grade gliomas

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Authors

BEŠŠE Andrej ŠÁNA Jiří FADRUS Pavel SLABÝ Ondřej

Year of publication 2013
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Tumor Biology
MU Faculty or unit

Central European Institute of Technology

Citation
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13277-013-0772-5
Field Oncology and hematology
Keywords microRNA; chemoresistance; radioresistance; high-grade gliomas
Description High-grade gliomas (HGGs) are malignant primary brain tumors of glial cell origin. Despite optimal course of treatment, including maximal surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemo- and/or radiotherapy, the prognosis still remains poor. The main reason is the commonly occurring chemo- and radioresistance of these tumors. In recent years, several signaling pathways, especially PI3K/AKT and ATM/CHK2/p53, have been linked to the resistance of gliomas. Moreover, additional studies have shown that these pathways are significantly regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), short endogenous RNA molecules that modulate gene expression and control many biological processes including apoptosis, proliferation, cell cycle, invasivity, and angiogenesis. MiRNAs are not only highly deregulated in gliomas, their expression signatures have also been shown to predict prognosis and therapy response. Therefore, they present promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets that might overcome the resistance to treatment and improve prognosis of glioma patients. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the functional role of miRNAs in gliomas resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy.
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