Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in human breast milk from Colombia: Spatial occurrence, sources and probabilistic risk assessment

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Authors

TORRES-MORENO Carolina PUENTE-DELACRUZ Laura CODLING Garry Paul VILLA Aida L. COBO Martha KLÁNOVÁ Jana JOHNSON-RESTREPO Boris

Year of publication 2022
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Environmental Research
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Science

Citation
Web https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935121012767?via%3Dihub
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111981
Keywords Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); Human breast milk; Daily intake dose; Hazard quotient; Incremental lifetime cancer risk; Colombia
Description The diet is the main route that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) enter the body and measuring breast milk is one of the best ways to understand the maternal body burden and can be passed on to infants. In this study, it was determinate the concentrations of 23 PAHs in 60 milk samples taken from 3 cities in Colombia and to determine the potential routes of exposure and risk to human health. On average, concentration for the n-ary sumation PAHs across all locations was 186.6 ng g(-1), lipid mass (LM), with city means of 260.1, 175.7, and 123.9 ng g(-1) LM for Cartagena, Bogota and Medellin, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate the hazard quotient (HQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for infant dietary exposure to PAHs. HQs were below the safe thresholds (HQ = 1) while ILCRs were greater than the reference value equal to 10(-6) (mg kg(-1)day(-1)). Dietary source assessment indicated that fish is a significant source of PAHs, with mothers that consumed fish at least once per week having similar to 2.5 times greater PAH milk concentrations than other groups. While a disparity was also observed among consumers of exclusively marine (Sigma(PAHs) 198.5 ng g(-1) LM) or freshwater fish (Sigma(PAHs) 85.7 ng g(-1) LM). However, geographical considerations can be significant in this finding.
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