External structures of the metathoracic scent gland efferent system in the true bug superfamily Pyrrhocoroidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha)

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Authors	HEMALA Vladimír KMENT Petr TIHLAŘÍKOVÁ Eva NEDĚLA Vilém MALENOVSKÝ Igor
Year of publication	2021
Type	Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source	ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT
MU Faculty or unit	Faculty of Science
Citation
Web	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2021.101058
Doi	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asd.2021.101058
Keywords	Insect thorax; Spiracle; Eutrichophora; Scanning electron microscopy; Comparative morphology; Phylogeny
Attached files	Hemala_et_al_2021_Pyrrhocoroidea_MTG_Suppl.pdf
Description	Pyrrhocoroidea represents an important group of true bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera) which includes fire bugs, cotton stainers and other taxa widely used in experimental studies or known as pests. However, the morphology and phylogeny of Pyrrhocoroidea have been only poorly studied so far. Here, structures of the external scent efferent system of the metathoracic scent glands are examined in 64 out of 71 currently valid genera of Pyrrhocoroidea and scanning electron micrographs are provided for most taxa. Several characters are revealed which define each of the three higher taxa within Pyrrhocoroidea: Larginae (small auriculate peritreme lacking manubrium and median furrow; metathoracic spiracle never surrounded by evaporatorium), Physopeltinae (large, widely open ostiole; large peritremal disc with manubrium [new term], lacking median furrow; mace-like mycoid filter processes of equal shape and size on both anterior and posterior margins of metathoracic spiracle), and Pyrrhocoridae (elongate auriculate peritreme with deep median furrow). Within Pyrrhocoridae, three main types (A, B and C) of the external scent efferent system are distinguished, differring in the amount of reductions. The findings are interpreted in the context of phylogenetic hypotheses available for Pyrrhocoroidea and their close relatives, Coreoidea and Lygaeoidea. An updated identification key to the families and subfamilies of Pyrrhocoroidea applicable for both sexes is provided. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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