Interactive effects of n-TiO2 and 2,3,7,8-TCDD on the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis

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Authors

CANESI Laura FRENZILLI Giada BALBI Teresa BERNARDESCHI Margherita CIACCI Claudia CORSOLINI Simonetta DELLA TORRE Camilla FABBRI Rita FALERI Claudia FOCARDI Silvano GUIDI Patrizia KOČAN Anton MARCOMINI Antonio MARIOTTINI Michela NIGRO Marco POZO Karla ROCCO Lucia SCARCELLI Vittoria SMERILLI Arianna CORSI Ilaria

Year of publication 2014
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Aquatic toxicology
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Science

Citation
Web http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166445X13003081
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.11.002
Field Water pollution and control
Keywords Nanoparticles; Titanium dioxide; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Biomarker; Dioxin
Description Despite the growing concern over the potential biological impact of nanoparticles (NPs) in the aquatic environment, little is known about their interactions with other pollutants. The bivalve Mytilus sp, largely utilized as a sentinel for marine contamination, has been shown to represent a significant target for different types of NP, including n-TiO2, one of the most widespread in use. In this work, the possible interactive effects of n-TiO2 and 2,3,7,8-TCDD, chosen as models of NP and organic contaminant, respectively, were investigated in Mytilus galloprovincialis. In vitro experiments with n-TiO2 and TCDD, alone and in combination, were carried out in different conditions (concentrations and times of exposure), depending on the target (hemocytes, gill cells and biopsies) and the endpoint measured. Mussels were also exposed in vivo to n-TiO2 (100 mu g L-1) or to TCDD (0.25 mu g L-1), alone and in combination, for 96 h. A wide range of biomarkers, from molecular to tissue level, were measured: lysosomal membrane stability and phagocytosis in hemocytes, ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters in gills (gene transcription and efflux activity), several biomarkers of genotoxicity in gill and digestive cells (DNA damage, random amplified polymorphic DNA-RAPD changes), lysosomal biomarkers and transcription of selected genes in the digestive gland. The results demonstrate that n-TiO2 and TCDD can exert synergistic or antagonistic effects, depending on experimental condition, cell/tissue and type of measured response. Some of these interactions may result from a significant increase in TCDD accumulation in whole mussel organisms in the presence of n-TiO2, indicating a Trojan horse effect. The results represent the most extensive data obtained so far on the sub-lethal effects of NPs and organic contaminants in aquatic organisms. Moreover, these data extend the knowledge on the molecular and cellular targets of NPs in bivalves. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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