SOUČASNÉ POZNÁVÁNÍ VÝZNAMU ENDOKANABINOIDNÍHO SYSTÉMU U NEUROPSYCHIATRICKÝCH PORUCH
| Title in English | CURRENT EXPLORING OF THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM VALUE IN NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS |
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| Authors | |
| Year of publication | 2012 |
| Type | Article in Periodical |
| Magazine / Source | Psychiatrie |
| MU Faculty or unit | |
| Citation | |
| Web | http://www.tigis.cz/images/stories/psychiatrie/2012/04/08_sulcova_psych_4-12.pdf |
| Field | Neurology, neurosurgery, neurosciences |
| Keywords | endocannabinoid; pharmacology; neuropsychiatric disorders |
| Attached files | |
| Description | Thanks to isolation and structural establishment of pure herbal delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the 1960s and a subsequent investigation of its pharmacological mechanisms of action there were identified and mapped specific cannabinoid receptors in the vertebrate including human organisms (firstly in the 1980s subtypes CB1 and CB2). Subsequently their endogenous ligands, nowadays called endocannabinoids, were also discovered. Synthesis, release and breakdown of endocannabinoids, expression and functions of cannabinoid receptors are the key components of so-called ”Endocannabinoid System”. In order to discover the ways how to manipulate this system and normalize eventual dysregulations, their physiological and pathophysiological roles should be clarified in detail initially. It has been shown that the modulation of the brain endocannabinoid system activities can be involved in the development of number of psychiatric disorders and perhaps also in their prevention and treatment. On the other hand, a consideration is to be made, that endocannabinoid system is more or less ubiquitous in the human body therefore central influencing may result in number of consequent, and in some case adverse effects, that occur in peripheral organs and tissues and vice versa. The present paper reviews the development of knowledge on endocannabinoid system and the results of increasing numbers of preclinical testing of its pathophysiological contribution and therapeutic potential in number of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia; depression; anxiety; insomnia; addiction; Alzheimer’s disease; epilepsy; movement disorders in multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Tourette’s syndrome, tardive dyskinesia. Some of therapeutic possibilities were already evaluated in clinical trials standardized according to the “Good Clinical Practice Guidelines”. In conclusion several results of such recent (2010–2012) studies are cited. A separate issue of endocannabinoid system involvement in addictions is not a part of the paper. |
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